COLD FRONT IN WARM ADVECTION - METEOROLOGICAL PHYSICAL BACKGROUND

by ZAMG


The main feature of a CF in WA is a Warm Conveyor Belt. There is a tendency for the Warm Conveyor Belt to intensify either with height or to exist only in higher levels. In about half of the cases the Warm Conveyor Belt exceeds the cloud band to the North. An upper level stream occurs only in the minority of cases. Behind the Warm Conveyor Belt a closed cyclonic circulation can be found in several cases but with little vertical displacement.

One main consequence might be drawn from such a configuration:
As there is only one conveyor belt involved, the temperature and humidity contrasts are rather low in the area of the frontal cloud band.

The example below shows a CF in WA which consists of high cloud fibres oriented West to East. The frontal situation in the vertical cross section is (as usually observed with CF in WA) not as distinct as for classical Cold Fronts and CF in CA. The frontal surface is highly superadiabatic and, additionally, shows an upper level front in advance. 310K is on top of the superadiabatic frontal zone, 314K lies both above and within the upper level zone.
22 April 1999/06.00 UTC - Meteosat IR image; position of vertical cross section indicated
22 April 1999/06.00 UTC - Vertical cross section; black: isentropes (ThetaE), orange thin: IR pixel values, orange thick: WV pixel values
22 April 1999/06.00 UTC - IR image; magenta: relative streams 306K, yellow: isobars 306K
22 April 1999/06.00 UTC - IR image; magenta: relative streams 314K, yellow: isobars 314K
The example above shows a warm conveyor belt reaching far to the north of the cloud band. The cloudiness of the CF in WA is in an area where the relative streams are rather parallel to isobars (310K) or even sinking (314K).

Below the Warm Conveyor Belt, at 306K, the frontal cloud band is under the influence of the upper relative stream from behind, and which is descending from 400 hPa to 700 hPa.

If a Cold Front lies in warm advection the probability of intensification is quite small. There are several cases of weakening and several cases remaining unchanged.

Results of the investigation of CF in WA at ZAMG (30 cases):
intensifying fronts 13%
fronts remaining the same 40%
weakening fronts 47%


SUB-MENU OF COLD FRONT IN WARM ADVECTION
CLOUD STRUCTURE IN SATELLITE IMAGES
KEY PARAMETERS