COLD FRONT IN WARM ADVECTION - TYPICAL APPEARANCE IN VERTICAL CROSS SECTIONS
by ZAMG
In the following example the cloud band representing a CF in WA is in advance of a Wave/Warm Front feature in the lower left corner of the image which is accompanied by WA. Although WA seems to be rather slight in this case the vertical cross section of TA shows higher values in levels below and above 700 hPa.
06 February 1999/06.00 UTC - Meteosat IR image; position of vertical cross section indicated; red dashed: temperature
advection - CA 700 hPa, red solid: temperature advection - WA 700 hPa
The front is characterised by the crowding zone of the isentropes. There could be an overadiabatic layer near the surface.
- Contrary to classical Cold Fronts, warm advection is also taking place below and behind the frontal surface. The temperature advection does
not vary so much with height as with the CF in CA.
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06 February 1999/06.00 UTC - Vertical cross section; black: isentropes (ThetaE); red thick: temperature advection - WA, red thin:
temperature advection - CA, orange thin: IR pixel values, orange thick: WV pixel values
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- Advection of humidity shows a pattern similar to other types of Cold Fronts: positive humidity advection in front, negative advection behind
and within the frontal cloud band.
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06 February 1999/06.00 UTC - Vertical cross section; black: isentropes (ThetaE), dark violet thick: humidity advection - moist
advection, dark violet thin: humidity advection - dry advection, orange thin: IR pixel values, orange thick: WV pixel values
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In combination with temperature advection, an area with warm but dry advection can be seen at the frontal cloud band. It extends between 400 and 500 hPa down to 800 hPa and sometimes even to the surface. First it becomes warmer and more humid in front of the front. Behind the front it is still becoming warmer but drier. The dry advection (which leads to a decrease in relative humidity) is the reason that the front - although lying in warm advection- is, in effect, a Cold Front. (ThetaE is influenced by humidity.)
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27 April 1999/06.00 UTC - Vertical cross section; red thick: temperature advection - WA, red thin: temperature advection -
CA, dark violet thick: humidity advection - moist advection, dark violet thin: humidity advection - dry advection, orange
thin: IR pixel values, orange thick: WV pixel values
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Being very similar to the CF in CA, it is not so much the TA but the humidity advection that causes this type of the CF.
- Upward motion dominates in the cloud band, the maximum tends to be at the leading edge. This parameter is more pronounced than it is with CF
in CA as temperature advection is an important term in the omega equation and WA contributes to upward motion and CA to downward motion. Below
the frontal surface there can be upward motion, too, but normally it is less than above and in front of the frontal surface.
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27 April 1999/06.00 UTC - Vertical cross section; black: isentropes (ThetaE), cyan thick: vertical motion (omega) - upward motion, cyan
thin: vertical motion (omega) - downward motion, orange thin: IR pixel values, orange thick: WV pixel values
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