Learning Resources

The following links provide more information on polar satellites, imagery, derived products, and related training.
(By following these links you will leave the POES training module.)

Real-time Data Access and POES Updates

NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/Hydrology Team/Microwave Sensing Group Team Page
An excellent site, enabling access to real-time NOAA-AMSU and DMSP-SSM/I datasets spanning a large range of operational as well as experimental products.

CIRA's AMSU Web site
This site provides information relevant to the AMSU and derived products. Includes a capability to browse real-time AMSU products as they appear prior to dissemination to various NWS AWIPS sites.

NOAA/NESDIS POES Quantitative Satellite Products
Provides access to sounding products from the NOAA (civilian) RTOVS, ATOVS, and DMSP (military) sounding systems. The new sounding system, ATOVS, uses NOAA-15 radiance data from the new instruments, HIRS/3 and AMSU-A. Also includes a link to POSSE, an interactive system allowing access to individual sounding retrievals spanning the globe.

NOAA/NESDIS Ocean Physical Processes Team
This site provides links to real-time SSM/I products, scatterometer wind data, and other data related to ocean properties.

NWS Alaska Region - Real-time POES and GOES Satellite Imagery
This site provides browse imagery of real-time POES, GOES, and GMS imagery products generated for operations by the NWS Alaska Region.

NOAA/NESDIS Office of Satellite Operations Home Page - GOES and POES Status Reports

NOAA/NESDIS Office of Systems Development (OSD) POES Page - POES Specific News and Information

NGDC's (National Geophysical Data Center) DMSP Web site
(follow "Data Availability" link)

Online References

NESDIS GOES/Polar Product Information Tool (G/PPIT)
An excellent source of information on the elements involved in the production of NESDIS GOES and Polar products. These include satellites, instruments, products, cognizant contacts, users, and more.

NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE

NOAA POD (Polar Orbiter Data) User's Guide

NGDC's (National Geophysical Data Center) DMSP Web site
(follow first two links)

NASA POES Project Office

Other Online Training and Decision Aids

NRL (Navy Research Laboratory) Monterey Tutorial on DMSP SSM/I

Other COMET Sponsored Training Resources

COMET Satellite Meteorology Class Home Page

Integrated Sensor Training Professional Development Series
(see PCU #6 - Using Satellite Data and Products)

Bibliography

Alishouse, J.C., S. Snyder, J. Vongsathorn, and R.R. Ferraro, 1990: Determination of oceanic total precipitable water from the SSM/I. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 28, 811-816.

SUMMARY: This article reviews the operational algorithms utilized in the retrieval of total precipitable water from DMSP SSM/I microwave data.


American Meteorological Society, 1998: Second Precipitation Intercomparison Project (PIP-2). J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1481-1732.

SUMMARY: This volume reviews the many aspects of precipitation retrieval and compares 20 algorithms designed for use with microwave observations from the SSM/I, flown on the DMSP satellites. Some key topics include improved modeling of radiative transfer, screening methodologies, sensor resolution and retrieval impact, and algorithm performance.


Burns, B.A., X. Wu, and G.R. Diak, 1997: Effects of precipitation and cloud ice on brightness temperatures in AMSU moisture channels. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35, 1429-1437.

SUMMARY: This paper summarizes the impact of scattering and absorption by cloud ice on the retrieval of water vapor profiles from AMSU measurements using SSM/I data. Results suggest the need for a screening strategy designed to remove convective areas prior to water vapor retrieval.


Chedin, A., Ed., 1989: Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth System. A. Deepak Publishing, 109 pp.

SUMMARY: This text contains a collection of papers presented at the Microwave Remote Sensing Symposium (IAMAP) of the XIX IUGG General Assembly in August 1987. Topics focus on the relationships between radiative transfer, passive and active radiometry, and various surface as well as atmospheric properties.


Colton, M.C., and G.A. Poe, 1994: Shared processing program, defense meteorological satellite program, special sensor microwave/imager algorithm symposium, 8-10 June 1993. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1663-1669.

SUMMARY: This article summarizes a symposium, conducted to review the status of algorithms for the processing of hydrometeorological parameters using SSM/I measurements. Meetings included 28 presentations made by representatives from the military, civilian, and international communities.


Conner, M.D., and G.W. Petty, 1998: Validation and intercomparison of SSM/I rain-rate retrieval methods over the continental United States. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 679-700.

SUMMARY: This article highlights the challenges of rain-rate retrieval over land when using measurements from passive microwave radiometry. The success of several experimental algorithms and their ability to improve rain-rates over land points toward the need for further study and testing.


Diak, G.R., D. Kim, M.S. Whipple, and X. Wu, 1992: Preparing for the AMSU. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1971-1984.

SUMMARY: A good overview of the planned capabilities of AMSU prior to its launch on NOAA-15 in 1998. Improvements over the MSU and impacts of combined AMSU and HIRS sounding are addressed as well.


Ferraro, R.R., N. Grody, F. Weng, D. Moore, L. Zhao, C. Zou, and J. Zhao, 1998: AMSU microwave surface and precipitation products. Presentation, NWA Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City, OK.

SUMMARY: Presentation describes the suite of meteorological products derived from NOAA AMSU microwave imagery observations. Topics include comparisons with SSM/I-based products, descriptions of product accuracy, limitations, applications, and availability.


Ferraro, R.R., E.A. Smith, W. Berg, and G. Huffman, 1998: A review of screening techniques for passive microwave precipitation retrieval algorithms. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1583-1600.

SUMMARY: This article provides a good review of how microwave precipitation retrieval is affected by a variety of surface features and emphasizes the need for effective identification/screening during the retrieval process.


Ferraro, R.R., S.J. Kusselson, and M. Colton, 1998: An introduction to passive microwave remote sensing and its applications to meteorological analysis and forecasting. Submitted to Natl. Wea. Dig., Sept., 1998.

SUMMARY: Provides an excellent introduction and overview of how microwave observations from POES are impacting various meteorological analysis and forecasting applications. Includes examples of operational use by a variety of groups within NOAA and NWS.


Ferraro, R.R., and G.F. Marks, 1995: The development of SSM/I rain-rate retrieval algorithms using ground-based radar measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 755-770.

SUMMARY: A detailed look at the development of SSM/I microwave brightness temperature to rain-rate relationships for the operational NESDIS retrieval algorithms using ground-based radar measurements. Application of the derived relationships is shown to yield a 20% accuracy for the emission-based algorithm (used over ocean) and 10% for the scattering-based algorithm (used over land and ocean).


Fett, R.W., M.E. White, J.E. Peak, S. Brand, and P.M. Tag, 1997: Application of hypermedia and expert system technology to Navy environmental satellite image analysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 1905-1915.

SUMMARY: This article reviews the Navel Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology Division’s work in converting satellite training documents developed over a 15-year period to a hypermedia and CD-ROM technology called LaserTAG. The LaserTag series demonstrates how DMSP visible, infrared, and microwave imagery observations are applied to a range of operationally relevant meteorological and oceanographic phenomena for improved analysis and forecasting.


Goodberlet, M. A., C. T. Swift, and J.C. Wilkerson, 1989: Remote sensing of ocean surface winds with the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14574-14555.

SUMMARY: A good summary of the operational NESDIS algorithm used to retrieve ocean surface winds from DMSP SSM/I microwave measurements. Product range, accuracy, and limitations are included in the discussion.


Goodrum, G., K.B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 1999: NOAA KLM User’s Guide. NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, draft version available January 1999.

SUMMARY: The NOAA KLM User’s Guide is an excellent source of information on detailed descriptions of the advanced instruments and data formats for the newest series of polar orbiting satellites starting with NOAA-15. The publication also contains updated data calibration information now obsolete in publication NESS 107.


Grody, N.C., 1993: Remote sensing of the atmosphere from satellites using microwave radiometry. Atmospheric Remote Sensing by Microwave Radiometry, M.A. Janssen, Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 259-334.

SUMMARY: An excellent source for reviewing the historical development and physical principles of remote sensing using microwave radiometry. Includes discussion of retrieval algorithms, surface, and precipitation products. The document also includes an extensive bibliography.


Grody, N.C., 1991: Classification of snow cover and precipitation using the special sensor microwave imager. J. of Geophys. Res., 96, 7423-7435.

SUMMARY: This paper contains a thorough review of the radiative transfer and challenges involved in separating snow cover from precipitation when using microwave measurements from passive radiometers. Recommended strategies for channel selection and development of an algorithm to separate surface signatures from precipitation are proposed.


Kidder, S.Q., and T.H. Vonder Haar, 1995: Satellite Meteorology. Academic Press, 466 pp.

SUMMARY: An excellent textbook for reference to satellite instrumentation, satellite-derived quantitative information, and analysis techniques. Extensive bibliographies are included with each chapter.


Kidwell, K.B., 1998: NOAA Polar Orbiter Data User's Guide (TIROS-N through NOAA-14). NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, revised November 1998.

SUMMARY: The POD User’s Guide contains a comprehensive description of the orbital and spacecraft characteristics, instruments, data formats, operational products and more, for the TIROS-N through NOAA-14 series.


Kusselson, S.H., 1993: The operational use of passive microwave data to enhance precipitation forecasts. Preprints, 13th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Vienna, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 434-438.

SUMMARY: This paper introduces SSM/I-based total precipitable water, ocean surface wind speed, and rain-rate products derived at NOAA-NESDIS. Focus is on how these products are used to improve heavy precipitation analyses and forecasts.


Petty, G.W., 1997: AMS Short Course on Passive Microwave Satellite Radiometry- Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters, Long Beach, CA, 2 Feb. 1997, 61 pp.

SUMMARY: The document for this course serves as an in-depth guide to microwave radiometry, focusing on concepts and how they apply to a variety of meteorological and oceanographic applications. While examples focus on SSM/I measurements, discussions also refer to applicability with respect to NOAA’s AMSU, ADOES-II, EOS-PM, and TRMM satellites.


Poe, G.A., 1997: AMS Short Course: Introduction to Microwave Radiometry – 1.3 Review of Satellites-Historical Perspective, Long Beach, CA, 2 Feb. 1997, 33 pp.

SUMMARY: The document for this course provides a review of the major satellite imaging and sounding microwave instruments over the history of their development. While the main emphasis is on imaging radiometers and their impact on meteorological observation, some discussion of NOAA-AMSU and future DMSP microwave instruments is included.


Rao, P.K., S.J. Holmes, R.K. Anderson, J.S. Winstron, and P.E. Lehr, Eds., 1990: Weather Satellites: Systems, Data, and Environmental Applications. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 503 pp.

SUMMARY: This text provides a thorough overview of U.S. and international operational GOES and POES platforms and the applications of satellite data to forecasting, aviation, agriculture and the geophysical sciences.


Smith, W.L., W.P. Bishop, V.F. Dvorak, C.M. Hayden, J.H. McElroy, F.R. Mosher, V.J. Oliver, J.F. Purdom, and D.Q. Wark, 1986: The meteorological satellite: overview of 25 years of operation. Science, 231, 455-462.

SUMMARY: This review article provides brief descriptions of the history and status of meteorological monitoring by satellite. Highlighted subject areas include cloud analysis and the estimation of atmospheric motion, applications to severe storm forecasting, tropical storm surveillance, and input to numerical forecast models.


Turk, J., F.S. Marzano, and A. Mugnai, 1998: Effects of degraded sensor resolution upon passive microwave precipitation retrievals of tropical rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1689-1705.

SUMMARY: High resolution aircraft radiometric and precipitation radar measurements are used to study the effects that lower resolution satellite sensor (like AMSU and SSM/I) observations have on accurate estimates of tropical convection.


Vaughn, W.W., 1982: Meteorological Satellites – Past, Present, and Future. AIAA 20th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, NASA Conference Publication 2227, Orlando, FL, 63 pp.

SUMMARY: A collection of brief papers reviews the major activities and developments in the U.S.’s civilian and military meteorological satellite programs.


Weng, F., and N.C. Grody, 1994: Retrieval of cloud liquid water using the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I). J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,535-25,551.

SUMMARY: This article summarizes a study conducted to develop improved operational algorithms for retrieving cloud liquid water from SSM/I data.